It Also Is Display All The Same Position:

It also is display all the same position: additional energy which is scooped from fat is necessary for development. In this case pleasant fatness of the child just also reflects infringement of the law of a constancy of the internal environment. And it not special feature of children human. Here the characteristic description concerning by the period of the childhood at wolves. "For last weeks have grown up and now in the sizes, yes, perhaps, and the form, reminded adult marmots. They so have grown fat that in comparison with a trunk of their paw seemed simply dwarfish, and fluffy grey fur coats only - aggravated completeness. Anything, appear, did not foretell that in due course they will turn to the same harmonous and powerful animals, as well as their parents" (Mouet "do not shout, wolves" , 1968), Yes differently and cannot be. Growth (both a fruit, and the child) is connected with occurrence of new cages, and for them additional cholesterol which, in turn, is synthesised when fat use increases is necessary, in particular.

But More All This Book Is Directed To

But more all this book is directed to the address of simply thinking reader how it was far by the nature of the activity from problems considered here. For the science history shows that so-called laymans, that is those who searches for the answer to the questions lying outside of their speciality, is frequent thanks to impartiality of the approach bring very powerful contribution to science development. At last, I would like to address this book to schoolboys from whom after the publication of the sketches in magazine "the Science and a life" in 1972 - 1973 and 1979 - 1980 were received by many letters with meditations about life riddles. Perhaps, the book will help my young readers with a choice of their labour way. Anything so did not promote nature studying as specialisation of sciences, and anything so does not interfere with understanding of the nature, division of complete representation about it, the based pas specialisation principles. Chapter 1. From gerontology history As the leading English gerontologist A.

If Receptors Becomes Less The Smaller Number Of

If receptors becomes less the smaller number of molecules of a working hormone will co-operate with a membrane of a nervous cage, and accordingly sensitivity a regulator *. Such phenomenon is observed at normal ageing But if with the years simply there was a reduction of number of aerials-receptors this phenomenon, in essence, would be irreversible: in it it would be expressed In such less and more inert cage processes of an exchange of substance are slowed down and, in particular, manufacture of albuminous aerials-receptors on a membrane decreases. To us can object that such two-level process at which the quantity and then thereof there is a decrease in number of aerials-receptors in the beginning decreases, essentially does not change anything. Remains not clear not only why the number of receptors decreases, but also there is a new question: why concentration decreases? Now it is possible to explain it only to one: such decrease "is planned" genetically as, for example, concentration decrease in leads to age deenergizing of genital function in a female organism, or to a climax - to natural display of ageing.

Thus, It Turns Out That If The Life

Thus, it turns out that if the life is possible only at observance of stability of the internal environment development and growth cannot be carried out without infringement of the law of stability. It is possible to express this position also as follows: at higher organisms it is necessary to combine simultaneously and in one rest and movement - the rest of the internal environment providing stability of an organism, and the movement giving development. It is possible to assume that such combination completely opposite requirements is carried out at the expense of self-development systems. In other words, the systems providing stability, that is protection against an external world, all time should develop, increasing the capacity; only regulation preservation in moving system in this case can be provided. Most visually it can be tracked on the basis of those changes which are observed in a female organism during pregnancy. These changes are especially obvious in second half of pregnancy when the weight of a fruit quickly increases.

The Term " " Not Only On Sounding,

The term " " not only on sounding, but to a certain extent and under the maintenance is close to a word "thermostat". And it is not casual. Just as it takes place in the thermostat intended for maintenance of certain temperature, in power, adaptable and reproductive there is also a mechanism by which corresponding property, or function is regulated. But regulation this special. If activity of classical cybernetic systems is usually directed on constancy maintenance in controllable system as it, for example, takes place in the thermostat in power, adaptable and reproductive there is a self-development increasing capacity of these systems according to requirements of development of an organism. Therefore spontaneous than system would be more correct to name a dynamo-cybernetic. To keep, for example, stability of temperature in this or that system, sensitivity of a regulator to temperature change should remain a constant. In the thermostat as soon as the temperature will reach the set limit, there is a necessary influence on a regulator that leads to deenergizing of system of heating.

1). The Second Level Of Regulation - -

1). The second level of regulation - - is created by hormones. Hormones - the special substances developed in glands; arriving in blood, they influence activity of cages sensitive to them. Action of hormones, for example, such glands as adrenal glands and parathyroid glands, first of all it is directed on performance of the law of a constancy of the internal environment. If to recollect that initially the life has arisen in the water environment should admire that the structure and concentration of the salts (ions) washing a cage, almost precisely correspond to the salt environment of the World ocean in the period when in the course of evolution the structure of a modern cage was created. During millions and millions years the structure of cages remains to constants, despite their so difficult transformations to specialised fabrics and bodies during the further evolution of wildlife. Concentration in the calcium and phosphorus blood, supervised mainly parathyroid glands, concentration of sodium and , supervised mainly adrenal glands, is strictly protected during all life of an individual.

In Norm When The Maintenance Of A Working

In norm when the maintenance of a working hormone in blood is constant, gland is quiet: receptors-aerials of its cages to necessary degree are sated by hormone 1. Now, when concentration of a hormone a1 has decreased, partially these the recipe are released from a working hormone. Braking influence of a working hormone on development by gland a hormone supervising activity of gland And stops. Therefore gland Would send to gland And the envoy - hormone 1 which stimulates to activity hormone A.Produktsija's gland a1 increases. When concentration of working hormone 1 will increase to norm, it fills necessary number of free receptors-aerials on a membrane of cages of regulating gland of B.Voznikaet a signal that it is time to cease to stimulate gland And as the constancy of the internal environment (in this case concentration of a hormone a1 in blood) is restored to work. As a result stimulation of working gland by a regulator decreases and established balance. When again there will be a level decrease in blood of a working hormone, gland-regulator braking will stop.

The Example Is Especially Convincing That, On The

The example is especially convincing that, on the one hand, puberty should be somehow detained till that time while development and body growth will end, and with another - puberty possesses the evident lines characterising increase of capacity of reproductive system. If to recollect the general principle of work self-regulated systems, it is easy to understand that puberty cannot be caused primary strengthening of capacity working glands - sexual gland. Otherwise the increase in production of sexual hormones completely would brake regulator-gipotalamusa activity according to the mechanism of a negative feedback. It would eliminate possibility and regulations and developments. Hence, the puberty mechanism should be connected with changes of a condition of the regulator, that is . So it also is. In a number of researches it has been shown that the sensitivity threshold changes during all life. Soon after a birth possesses the maximum sensitivity to braking action of sexual hormones. Therefore the sexual centre during this period is braked by that small amount of sexual hormones which are already developed by an unripe organism.

) But Here Struggle Against Its Big Power Consumption

) But here struggle against its big power consumption is finished. The restoration phase begins. through the centre of thermoregulation being in it strengthens . Skin vessels extend, increases , and at a dog who has some no glands, the short wind and language almost develops falls out of a mouth, increasing evaporation. All it protects an organism from excessive overheating, possible owing to intensive combustion of fat acids and glucose during struggle. Surplus of the fat acids, which intensive mobilisation it was so necessary in the power relation, serves in restoration by raw materials for cholesterol synthesis. This circumstance has very much great value as in the period is necessary "repair" of the damaged fabrics at the expense of cell fission. At the same time the cover - a membrane which skeleton contains a lot of cholesterol is necessary to each new cage. So, exchange shift at stress towards strengthened use of fat acids is not only maintenance of energy needs, but also a way of savings and restoration of stocks of glucose.

So, Development From A Unicell To Multicellular Specialised

So, development from a unicell to multicellular specialised organisms is not simply quantitative transition from one cage to set of cages. It is qualitatively new transition from a life of "one" to a system life. In this process there was a submission of a life of the metaphyte allocated stabilising with systems, as to the general laws of work of any other control systems, and the special requirements defined by the law of a deviation of a homeostasis. Occurrence in the course of evolution of higher organisms with their spontaneous systems has limited influence of the factors causing death from the external reasons. It has made possible perfection of forms of a life. But simultaneously realisation of the law of a deviation of a homeostasis finally leads to the illnesses not compatible to unlimited continuation of a life of a separate individual. As a result dominating value was got by death from the internal reasons. Without intervention in these biological laws the basic illnesses of higher organisms, for these illnesses - heavy, but quite comprehensible payment for the perfection reached in the course of evolution cannot be completely eliminated.

Having Taken All It Into Consideration, It Is

Having taken all it into consideration, it is necessary to recognise: the deviation from the law of a constancy of the internal environment is that programmed "illness of a pregnant organism" without which fruit development is impossible. After all normally to develop, the fruit should be provided by "a building material" - it and is delivered as a result - the described shifts. And a material of it it is required much as for rather short term from one impregnated cage billions cages of again generated organism are reproduced. Probably, it occurs on such approximately to the scheme. Obligatory part of each cage - cholesterol. It enters into a skeleton of a cover of a cage - a cellular membrane. The majority of kinds of cages cannot is independent synthesise so much cholesterol, how many it is necessary for cover construction, and these cages receive cholesterol from a liver. Capacity of a liver of a fruit is still small, it does not provide requirements of quickly increasing cellular weight.

Chapter 4. The Law Of A Deviation Of

Chapter 4. The law of a deviation of a homeostasis The organism can exist, if the structure of its internal environment is supported in certain, enough narrow limits. This position - essence of the law of a constancy of the internal environment. Really, in norm the size of arterial pressure, concentration in blood of sugar, fat, cholesterol and other indicators fluctuate rather slightly. On the contrary, any proof deviation from normal limits speaks about illness: proof increase of arterial pressure is considered as a hypertension, sugar in blood - as a diabetes, cholesterol and fat ( ) - as an atherosclerosis risk factor. And so far as the constancy of the internal environment, or a homeostasis, should be protected so strictly special mechanisms of its maintenance are necessary also. At unicells owing to insufficient complexity of their structure such mechanisms cannot already be made. To It the death from the external reasons has risen an absolute obstacle in a way to a theoretical eternal life of the monocelled.

Increased. All It Means A Deviation From The

increased. All it means a deviation from the law of a constancy of the internal environment, from the law which observance, as well as protection, is necessary for the sake of a life. However we know that owing to the cybernetic mechanism of regulation systems aspire to balance or to stability and order restoration. Therefore the question is quite reasonable: how can during all situations while there is "a meeting of a cat with a dog", to exist infringement of the internal environment of an organism? Really, if concentration in blood of a working hormone raises, for example it, according to the mechanism of a negative feedback, should brake allocation of the regulator, in this case a hormone , and allocation , not stimulated , should decrease to norm - to the limits protected by the law of a constancy. But after all it does not occur, and level in blood in stress remains raised, creating thereby the mechanism protection. In what here business? For each hormone-regulator there is a working factor which at concentration increase in blood causes suppression of activity of a regulator.

Thus, The Law Of A Deviation Of A

Thus, the law of a deviation of a homeostasis is carried out. But such increase in capacity is hardly realizable only as a result of changes in most . it is constructed of nervous cages which lose ability to division in a mature organism. Another matter - the forward share of a hypophysis entering in gipotalamo-gipofizarnyj a complex. This part of a hypophysis is constructed of a ferruterous fabric for which ability to increase both working volume of each cage, and number of cages is characteristic. Therefore capacity of system can easily increase (at the expense of hypophysis activity) and at the same time in it ability to exact regulation according to the signals which are starting with nervous cages can remain. Owing to it gipotalamo-gipofizarnyj the complex is "material resources" of special type of the regulation, a peculiar dynamo-cybernetic to systems power, adaptable and reproductive . But after all most gipotalamno-gipofizarnoj it is not enough structure to provide increase in capacity in these in three .

All Listed Reasons Also Have Induced Me To

All listed reasons also have induced me to undertake for not absolutely usual work for themselves - to write the book popular scientific, calculated as it would be more habitual for me, not on colleagues, and on ready more a wide range of readers. This book is addressed to all by that who is interested in understanding laws of development of live organisms. First of all - to biologists and physicians of various specialities who aspire all more deeply how are interconnected development, ageing and illnesses of ageing, and also to physiologists who study concrete mechanisms of activity of a normal organism. Besides, it is possible, my work will be read by experts in the field of the exact sciences, and in particular mathematics which search for objects for mathematical modelling of biological processes; cybernetics which analogies and a generality of laws of management in the live and lifeless nature interest; physicists and chemists who for many years aspired to solve how live organisms counteract the law of increase of entropy.